A year ago, a tunisian fruitseller set himself on fire after being humiliated by a police officer. The role of information communication technologies in the. But the essays collected in this slim volume make a compelling case that the consequences of climate change are stressors that can ignite a volatile mix of underlying causes. The hope and reality of the uprisings is a critically essential, informed and informative volume for students, scholars, and nonspecialist general readers seeking the fullest understanding of how the arab uprisings continue to impact the region and the world in general, and united states foreign policies in particular. Arab spring research guide and notes sheet targets. Roots and causes of the arab uprisings there is a consensu s among politica l analysts regardin g the cocktai l of major factors that, when combined, created the socia l explosio n known as the 2011 arab uprisings.
There has been much analysis of the causes and rapid spread of the 2011 arab spring or arab uprisings. The more it puts itself forward as a democratic inspiration, or a political model in the middle east, the more it will have to show that it is indeed supporting the arab street against unpopular regimes. In the uae and oman, however, searches for facebook grew steadily and there were no particular changes during the arab spring. I can describe the causes and effects of the arab spring in my assigned country. Financial pressures top every list of catalysts and causes of the arab spring.
Luciani and others published on the economic causes of the arab spring and its possible developments find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate. Pdf the middle east and north africa mena have long been laden with tensions and instabilities. Algeria was the first country in the arab world to experience an arab spring at least two decades before. On the occasion of international womens day, march 8, 2016, the middle east program and the women in public service project at the wilson center asked a number of women in the middle east and north africa mena region and the united states about what they hope the status of women in the region will be in the next year and what needs to happen for women to get there. Because the events analysed here have occurred very recently, much of the analysis is lacking in rigorous documentary evidence. Arab spring as a background of civil war in syria in.
Nov 22, 2014 the arab awakening is creating a new sociopolitical and economic reality in the region, transforming the balance of power, not because states have become stronger, but rather because states have. Arab spring may point to a phenomenon of new mass forms of sociopolitical protest facilitated by social media networks, particularly in regard to their organizational and communication aspects, it should also produce some major reservations about the applicability of any direct lessons to other regional and sociopolitical contexts. Digital adoption has grown and become more mainstream, so arab youth are more connected than ever. Instead, a new arab political identity with an antidespotic, pluralis t and democracyseekin g approach is dawning. The attention on escalation of tensions between bashar alassads government and opposition as a source of civil war in syria was paid. The study concluded that migration from the arab spring countries refers to what can be called as the factors of expulsion in the countries of the arab spring and the factors of attraction in the receiving countries of migrants, these motives or factors can be classified as political, economic and social factors. Important economic factors included the high cost of living, 40% of the population in poverty and increasing food prices nowaira, 2011.
Mcmillans book accomplishes the seemingly impossible task of helping readers to make sense of the middle east from world war one to the arab spring from 1914 to the early 2010s in an insightful and engaging manner. Like all great social upheavals, the arab spring was long in the making, and born of many intertwined causes. Many experts compare the arab spring to the popular revolutions that shook. Causes of the arab spring the wave of social protests that swept through the arab world during 2011, toppling some longstanding regimes and seriously destabilizing others, was the consequence of decades of oppressive and authoritarian political systems, failed economic policies, and socially alienated and disaffected populations, mainly youths. This research paper examines thoroughly and critically all the causes and facilitators of the arab spring from twitter and facebook to the relative deprivation of the numerous youth in the arab world. The popular protests resulted in changes in office in egypt, tunisia and libya whereas in syria the regime remained in power despite strong popular uprising and ongoing civil war.
The arab spring and the emergence of the syrian crisis. Lecture notes causes and prevention of war political. Migration from the arab spring countries to europe. The geostrategic consequences of the arab spring opendemocracy.
While the activities of his family business were mainly located in libya, he returned to tunisia in 2011 to create a new political party, the free patriotic union upl. Political and economic development in most arab states simply could not keep up with the staggering increase in the population, as the ruling. Causes of the arab spring causes of the arab spring may be described as following. In the post arab spring, liberalized environment, entrepreneurs were no longer afraid of entering parliament.
The event set off uprisings across north africa and the. The common slogan of the protesters throughout arab spring was the people want to bring down the regime aissa, 2012. Syria this guide lists online and print sources for what has become known as the arab spring, the popular revolutionary wave in the middle east and north africa that started in december 2010. This report assesses the impact of the arab spring on the mena region, drawing on briefings, reports and articles to identify the main issues raised by experts. The arab spring and climate change trumps broken promises. The arab spring at one a year of living dangerously, foreign affairs, vol. Thi s researc h articl e attempts to scrutinize the nature and cause s of the ara b uprising s which too k people by surpris e globall y throughou t 2011 and int o 2012. Image credits images are for educational and noncommercial purposes only human rights watch. After examining the possible relationships between the arab riots and the global economic crisis started in 2007, the analysis focuses. As the worlds attention was focused on protests in tahrir square, political and socioeconomic motives were discussed while significant indirect causes of the arab spring received little mention. This paper attempts to examine the causes of the arab uprisings in middle eastern. This part of the research focuses on the root causes and consequences of the arab spring that affected tunisia, egypt, libya and syria. It began in response to oppressive regimes and a low standard of living, starting with protests in tunisia noueihed, 2011. Surveying the causes of the arab spring, and revealing the governing trends arising from it, this book examines various international relation theories through the lens of the experiences of the countries in the middle east and north africa region.
Arab spring used their powers vehemently to crush the demonstrators and consequently the peaceful protesters also became violent. One of these sources was social media and its power to put a human face on political oppression. Unlike 911, the arab spring is attributable to deep and widespread sociological causes e. Unstable food security and the recent international food price spikes were certainly one of their many grievances and was likely the factor that sparked the initial unrest, yet the level of unrest greatly varied in intensity throughout the region. Users can either download particular bibliographies in pdf or other formats or download the full set in a single zip archive see the file inventory on the right. The influence of displeasure explosion against governments in tunisia, libya and egypt, known as arab spring, on the situation in syria was described. Bouazizis selfimmolation was one of several stories told and retold on facebook, twitter, and youtube in ways that inspired dissidents to organize protests, criticize their governments, and spread ideas about.
Mba advance 20102011 business english oral project. The event set off uprisings across north africa and the middle east known as the arab spring. Arab spring, egypt, revolution, social media, tunisia. The instability that followed the protests that brought down the president of 30 years, hosni mubarak, frightened away. Causes of solutions to the israelarab conflict pdf. Arab spring is generally believed to have been caused by the. It takes the events of the arab spring as an outcom. Mar 07, 2018 egypt has been on the economic rocks ever since the arab spring revolution. The purpose of this article is to examine the causes, features, and transition processes of the arab spring in tunisia, egypt, libya, and yemen in correlation with huntingtons theorization on the third wave of democratization which, along with other available literature in the field, will be combined in a theoretical framework that will enable. Jun 19, 20 following an overview of social constructivism, this essay will explore in what ways the theory can explain some of the causes of the arab spring, examining its flexibility due to its ontological position and its stance in the structure and agency debate. The roots and causes of the 2011 arab uprisings kamal eldin osman salih abstract.
The causes of intense war pdf weapons of mass destruction and world politics pdf 2021. Chinese drought, bread and the arab spring sciencedirect. The arab uprisings represent a revolutionary wave of demonstrations and protests. The unfinished revolutions of the new middle east, new york. Between the islamic state and the nationstate the brookings project on u. In this sense the united states and turkey have the same dilemma. Mar 28, 2012 weighing multiple political, economic, and cultural conditions, we find that information infrastructure especially mobile phone use consistently appears as one of the key ingredients in parsimonious models for the conjoined combinations of causes behind social movement success during the arab spring.
General consensus emerges on a combination of political, economic and social factors as being critical. I can compare and contrast the causes and effects of the arab spring in other middle eastern nations. Its origins, evolution and consequences four years on. But many of the underlying causes of the arab spring remain, such as. Five years after the start of the arab uprisings, mainstream islamist groups find themselves between what has been termed the twin shocks of the arab spring. The waves of the arab spring in tunisia, egypt, libya, yemen and syria, and any other country that may follow, is considered a unique phenomenon worth studying in view of the pre and post revolution events and effects on all sectors of the national economy, as well as their interlocking effects on the global economy. Sep 07, 2014 beginning in late 2010, citizens of the arab world rose up in protest to express their longheld dissatisfactions with their governments. Effects of the arab spring on the middle east and north. Egyptian revolution, also known as arab spring or arab uprising, was a shock for international community because egypt has been seen as one of the strongest military state in north africa region. Pdf arab spring as a background of civil war in syria. To find out whether the arab spring caused a significant change in the usage of social media, we conducted a regression discontinuity analysis with two independent variables. The goal of this article is to place the role that social media plays in collective action within a more general theoretical structure, using the events of the arab spring as a case study. It will be regularly updated with new publications. Pdf on the economic causes of the arab spring and its.
Many arabs believe that the arab spring is a western, and more specifically an american, plan since the days of former us secretary of state henry kissinger to divide the middle east into smaller. Pdf when the arab spring reached syria, its pharaoh, bashar alassad, was in no mood to give up easily. Effects and consequences of the arab spring the hollings. The arab spring and climate change does not argue that climate change caused the revolutions that have shaken the arab world over the past two years. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. A year of revolution a year ago, a tunisian fruitseller set himself on fire after being humiliated by a police officer. Attempting to comprehend what is really going on in the middle east seems to be a daunting task for many people. The arab spring was caused by a multitude of factors economic, political, social, cultural and religious, but its origins also lay in belief. What are the main points of consensus in the analysis of the arab spring about the factors that led to it and what tipped. The protests in the countries where civil resistance occurred had different effects but methods of protests were similar.
123 181 237 1368 645 1409 1496 626 1088 681 1163 1268 80 91 122 407 358 754 1221 1008 1197 1079 350 454 597 521 541 641 701 417 562 685 433 1105 1255 440 1292 1393 966 1125 416